I undertook a recent trip to Iceland as a science teacher and Master’s Outdoor Education student, Iceland has been a place of curiousity and a long term goal to visit and explore this incredible country. Iceland’s geography is incredibly unique and diverse, shaped by volcanic activity, glaciers, geysers, and a variety of natural features. Below is an overview:
- Volcanoes and Geothermal Activity: Iceland is situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, resulting in significant volcanic activity. It’s home to numerous volcanoes, some of which are active. This activity has shaped the landscape over millions of years, creating lava fields, craters, and unique geological formations.
- Glaciers: Around 11% of Iceland’s land area is covered by glaciers, such as Vatnajökull, Europe’s largest ice cap. Glacial rivers and lagoons are prominent features and offering stunning views.
- Geysers and Hot Springs: The country boasts geothermal features like geysers and hot springs. The Great Geysir and Strokkur are famous geysers that erupt regularly, attracting tourists to witness these natural phenomena.
- Fjords and Coastline: Iceland has a lengthy coastline with numerous fjords, carved by glacial activity. These fjords provide unique habitats and breathtaking landscapes.
- Tectonic Plates: The country straddles the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates, leading to the formation of the aforementioned Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This unique positioning results in visible rifts, such as the Silfra Fissure, where visitors can dive or snorkel between two continents.
- Biodiversity: Despite its harsh climate, Iceland showcases diverse flora and fauna, especially in its lowland areas and wetlands. Birdlife is abundant, with puffins being a popular attraction during the nesting season. Understanding Iceland’s geography involves exploring its dynamic natural processes, making it an exceptional destination for geographers, scientists, outdoor educationalists, students and nature enthusiasts.
SG Education 